Ubumenyi bwibanze bwa fibre optique

Ivumburwa rya fibre optique yatwaye impinduramatwara mu rwego rw'itumanaho. Niba nta fibre ya optique yo gutanga imiyoboro yihuse-yihuta, interineti irashobora kuguma gusa murwego rwohereya. Niba ikinyejana cya 20 cyari ibihe by'amashanyarazi, icyo gihe kinyejana cya 21 ni ibihe byumucyo. Nigute urumuri rugera ku itumanaho? Reka twige ubumenyi bwibanze bwo gutumanaho neza hamwe numwanditsi hepfo.

Igice cya 1. Ubumenyi bwibanze bwo gukwirakwiza urumuri

Gusobanukirwa Umucyo
Umucyo woroheje mubyukuri ni elecromagnetic imiraba, no mumwanya wubusa, uburebure bwamashanyarazi hamwe ninshuro ya electromagnetic ninganiza muburyo butandukanye. Igicuruzwa cya bibiri kingana numuvuduko wumucyo, ni:

Tegura uburebure cyangwa imirongo ya electromagnetic imiraba kugirango ikore electromém ya electromagnetic. Ukurikije uburebure butandukanye cyangwa imirongo, imirongo ya electromagnetic irashobora kugabanywamo mukarere ka lawraviolet, akarere kagaragara, akarere ka microwave, akarere ka microwave, akarere gakomeye, hamwe n'akarere ka Radia, hamwe n'akarere ka Radia, hamwe n'akarere ka Radia, hamwe n'akarere ka Radia, hamwe n'akarere ka Radia, hamwe n'akarere ka Radiyo. Amatsinda akoreshwa mu itumanaho ahanini akarere ka infrared, akarere ka microwave, hamwe n'akarere ka radidi. Ishusho ikurikira izagufasha kumva igabana ryibicuruzwa byitumanaho hamwe nibitangazamakuru byapambuye muminota.

Protagonist yiyi ngingo, "fibre optique itumanaho," ikoresha imiraba yoroheje mumatsinda ya infrared. Ku bijyanye na iyi ngingo, abantu barashobora kwibaza impamvu bigomba kuba mumatsinda ya infrared? Iki kibazo kijyanye no kugabanyirizwa optique yo gutakaza ibikoresho bya fibre optique, aribyorahuri bya silica. Ibikurikira, dukeneye kumva uburyo fibre nziza yohereza umucyo.

Gutunganya, gutekereza, no kwerekana rwose urumuri

Iyo umucyo wasohotse mubintu bimwe mubindi, byemerera no gutekereza bibaho kumusebabuzi hagati yibintu bibiri, kandi inguni yo gutunganya yiyongera hamwe ninguni yicyo kibazo. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo ① → ②. Iyo inguni yibyabaye igera cyangwa irenze inguni runaka, umucyo wabereye urashira kandi urumuri rwose rwabaye rugaragara inyuma, aricyo cyo kwerekana urumuri, nkuko bigaragara muri ② → mu ishusho ikurikira.

Ibikoresho bitandukanye bifite ibipimo bitandukanye byo kurohama, bityo umuvuduko wo gukwirakwiza urumuri uratandukanye mubitangazamakuru bitandukanye. Indanganturo irohama ihagarariwe na N, N = C / V, aho C ari umuvuduko muri vacuum na v ni umuvuduko wo gukwirakwiza muburyo butandukanye. Uburyo bworoshye bwo kumenyekana bugaragara bwitwa uburyo bwiza, mugihe gitunganijwe hamwe no gutunganya ibintu byongeye kumvikana bita uburyo bwiza bworoshye. Ibintu bibiri byo gutekereza rwose bibaho ni:
1. Kohereza muburyo bworoshye bworoshye kugirango utange neza.
2. Inguni yibyabaye iruta cyangwa ingana n'inguni ikomeye yo gutekereza rwose
Kugirango wirinde ibimenyetso bya optique no kugabanya igihome cyo kohereza, guhitamo neza kuri fibre optique bibaho mubihe bitekerezo byuzuye.

Igice cya 2. IRIBURIRO KUBIZA AMASOKO YO GUKURIKIRA (FERBER OPTIC)

Imiterere ya fibre optique

Hamwe nubumenyi bwibanze bwo kwerekana burundu urumuri, biroroshye kumva imiterere ya fibre nziza. Fibre yambaye ubusa ya fibre ya optique igabanijwemo ibice bitatu: Igice cya mbere nicyiciro cya mbere cya fibre kandi kigizwe na dioxyde delicon, nanone uzwi kandi nkikirahure. Icyifuzo cya core muri rusange ni mikorobe 9-10 (uburyo bumwe), 50 cyangwa 62.5 microns (byinshi-Mode). Fibre Core ifite indangagaciro ndende kandi ikoreshwa mugutangije urumuri. Igice cya kabiri kingana: giherereye hafi ya fibre core, nabyo bigizwe nikirahure cya silica (gifite diameter muri rusange mikorobe 125). Ironderero ritemewe ryubunini ni bugufi, rikora imiterere yerekana hamwe na fibre yibanze. Igice cya gatatu cyo gusiga: Igice cyo hanze ni ugukunda resin. Ibikoresho birinda bifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi birashobora kwihanganira ingaruka nini, kurinda fibre optique kuva mumazi yisuri hamwe na mashinion.

Igihombo cya Optique

Ibihombo bya fibre optic, ni ikintu gikomeye cyane bigira ingaruka kumiterere ya fibre optique. Ibintu nyamukuru bitera kwishora ibimenyetso bya optique harimo kubura ibikoresho, gutakaza mugihe cyo kwanduza, nibindi bihombo biterwa nibintu nka fibre, no gutakaza.

Uburebure bwumucyo buratandukanye, kandi igihombo cyo kwandura infizi nacyo kiratandukanye. Kugirango bagabanye igihombo no kwemeza ko induru, abahanga mu bya siyansi biyemeje gushaka urumuri rukwiye. Umucyo uri mu burebure bwa 1260nm ~ 1360nm ufite kugoreka gito byerekana ibisimba byatewe no gutatanya no gutakaza hasi. Mu minsi ya mbere, ubu burebure bwuzuye bwakiriwe nkitsinda ryiza ryitumanaho. Nyuma, nyuma yigihe kirekire cyo gushakisha no kwitoza, abahanga bavuze muri make muri make igihombo cyumuyaga mwinshi (1260nm ~ 1625nm), bikwiranye cyane no kwanduza fibre optique. Umuvumo rero wakoreshejwe muri fibre optique itumanaho muri rusange mu itsinda rya infrared.

Fibre optique

Multimode Optique fibre: Kohereza uburyo bwinshi, ariko intera nini yo guhinduranya imipaka yo kohereza ibimenyetso bya digitale, kandi iyi mbogamizi iba ikaze irimo kurengera intera. Kubwibyo, intera ya Multidode fibre Optic optiction ni ngufi, mubisanzwe ibirometero bike.
Imiterere imwe ya fibre: hamwe na fibre ntoya cyane, mubyukuri uburyo bumwe gusa bushobora kwanduzwa, bigatuma iba itumanaho rya kure.

Igice cya 3. Ihame rya fibre Spric Itumanaho

Sisitemu yo gutumanaho ya optique

Ibicuruzwa byitumanaho bikunze gukoreshwa, nka terefone zigendanwa na mudasobwa, kohereza amakuru muburyo bwamashanyarazi. Mugihe ukora itumanaho ryiza, intambwe yambere nuguhindura ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi mubimenyetso bya optique, hanyuma uhindure ibimenyetso bya optique mumashanyarazi kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kwanduza amakuru. Sisitemu yimiturire ya optique igizwe na opmique optique, uwakiriye neza, na fibre optic optic yo kwanduza urumuri. Kugirango tumenye neza uburyo bwo kwandura ibimenyetso birebire no kunoza umurongo wohereza, usubiramo neza kandi byinshi bikoreshwa muri rusange.

Hasi ni intangiriro ngufi kumahame y'akazi ya buri kintu cyose muri fibre optique itumanaho.

Kohereza Optique:Guhindura ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi mubimenyetso bya optique, cyane cyane bigizwe na modulator no mumasoko yumucyo.

Ikimenyetso Cyxexer:Abashakanye Ibimenyetso byinshi bya Optique byerekana uburebure butandukanye mumikino imwe ya optique kugirango bakwirakwize, bagera ku ngaruka zo gukuba kabiri.

Gusubiramo Optique:Mugihe cyo kwanduza, kubyutsa no gukomera kw'ikimenyetso bizakundwa, birakenewe rero kugarura umurage wa mbere ibimenyetso byambere kandi wongere ubukana.

Ikimenyetso Cyumuldiper:Kuraho ibimenyetso byinshi byinshi mubimenyetso byayo byumwimerere.

Kwakira Optique:Hindura ibimenyetso byakiriwe neza mumashanyarazi, ahanini igizwe na fotodetetector na demodulator.

Igice cya 4. Ibyiza na porogaramu z'itumanaho ryiza

Ibyiza byitumanaho ryiza:

1. Intera ndende, ubukungu ningufu-kuzigama
Dufashe kohereza kuri GBP 10 (miliyari 10 0 cyangwa 1 ku mwanya wa kabiri) yamakuru, niba itumanaho ryamashanyarazi rigomba kugaragazwa kandi rigomba guhinduka kandi ryahinduwe buri metero magana. Ugereranije nibi, ukoresheje itumanaho ryiza birashobora kugera kumurongo wa kilometero zirenga 100. Inshuro nke ibimenyetso byahinduwe, hepfo ikiguzi. Kurundi ruhande, ibikoresho bya fibre optique ni dioxyde delicon, ifite ububiko bwinshi nibiciro byo hasi kuruta insinga yumuringa. Kubwibyo, itumanaho ryiza rifite ingaruka zubukungu nimbaraga.

2. Amakuru yihuse yanduza amakuru nitumanaho ryinshi

Kurugero, ubu mugihe uganira ninshuti mu mahanga cyangwa kuganira kumurongo, amajwi ntabwo ari ugukaraba nka mbere. Mugihe cyitumanaho, itumanaho mpuzamahanga ryishingikiriza kuri satelite yibihimbano nkuko bifitanye isano no kwanduza, bituma habaho inzira ndende kandi buhoro buhoro. Kandi itumanaho ryiza, hifashishijwe insinga za subriya, igabanya intera yo kwandura, itanga amakuru byihuse. Kubwibyo, ukoresheje itumanaho ryiza birashobora kugera ku itumanaho ryoroshye hamwe n'amahanga.

3. Ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya no kwitanga bwiza

Itumanaho ry'amashanyarazi rishobora guhura n'amakosa kubera kwivanga kw'itora, biganisha ku kugabanuka mu itumanaho. Ariko, itumanaho ryiza ntirigira ingaruka ku rusaku rw'amashanyarazi, rituma rifite umutekano kandi wizewe. Kandi bitewe n'ihame ryo gutekereza rwose, ibimenyetso bigarukira rwose kuri fibre optique yo kwanduza, niko ibanga ni ryiza.

4. Ubushobozi bunini bwo kohereza
Mubisanzwe, itumanaho ryamashanyarazi rishobora kohereza 10GBPS gusa (miliyari 10 0 cyangwa 1 kumasegonda) yamakuru, mugihe itumanaho ryiza rishobora kohereza 1TBPS (1 tiriyari) yamakuru.

Gushyira mu bikorwa itumanaho ryiza

Hariho ibyiza byinshi byo gutumanaho neza, kandi byinjijwe mu mpande zose z'ubuzima bwacu kuva iterambere ryayo. Ibikoresho nka terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa, na IP terefone zikoresha interineti ihuza abantu bose mukarere kabo, igihugu cyose, ndetse no kumurongo witumanaho kwisi yose. Kurugero, ibimenyetso bisohojwe na mudasobwa hamwe na terefone zigendanwa ziteranira kuri sitasiyo zishinzwe itumanaho hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye byisi binyuze mwisi ya fibre optique.

Gushyira mubikorwa bya buri munsi nko guhamagara kuri videwo, guhaha kumurongo, imikino yo kuri videwo, na Binge ireba bose bishingikiriza ku nkunga nubufasha inyuma yinyuma. Hagaragaye imiyoboro ya optique yatumye ubuzima bwacu bworohewe kandi bworoshye.