Amashanyarazi: Kurinda Ibigize

Uruzitiro rw'amashanyarazi ni iki?

An amashanyarazini uruzitiro rukingira ibintu birimo amashanyarazi kandi bikabarinda ingaruka z’ibidukikije, kwangirika kwumubiri, no guhura kwabantu. Ikora nkimbogamizi hagati yibice byamashanyarazi imbere nibidukikije byo hanze, byemeza umutekano, kwiringirwa no kuramba kwibikoresho. Inzitiro z'amashanyarazi zikoreshwa mu nganda zinyuranye no gukoresha ibikoresho byo munzu nka swatike, imashini zangiza, imirongo hamwe na terefone.

Ubwoko bw'amashanyarazi

Agasanduku k'amashanyarazi yo hanze karaboneka mubishushanyo bitandukanye, buri kimwe kijyanye nibisabwa byihariye nibidukikije. Dore ubwoko bumwe busanzwe:

Amazu y'ibyuma:Izi nzu zisanzwe zikozwe mubyuma, ibyuma bidafite ingese, cyangwa aluminium. Zitanga uburinzi bukomeye kubidukikije bikaze, ingaruka zumubiri no kwangiriza. Uruzitiro rw'ibyuma rukoreshwa kenshi mubidukikije mu nganda aho kuramba n'umutekano ari ngombwa.

Amazu ya plastiki:Amazu ya plastiki yoroheje, arwanya ruswa, kandi atanga amashanyarazi meza. Birakwiriye mubisabwa murugo no hanze aho ibikoresho bitari ibyuma bikundwa, nka electronics, itumanaho nibicuruzwa byabaguzi.

Amazu ya Fiberglass:Amazu ya fiberglass arwanya ruswa, imiti nubushyuhe bukabije. Bikunze gukoreshwa ahantu habi nko mubihingwa ngandurarugo, ibihingwa bitunganya amazi y’amazi hamwe n’ibice byo ku nkombe aho ibyuma bishobora kwangirika.

Imanza zidafite amazi:Izi manza zagenewe kurinda amazi nubushuhe. Nibyingenzi mubikorwa byo hanze cyangwa ibidukikije aho guhura n'amazi ari ikibazo, nka: B. Porogaramu zo mu nyanja, amatara yo hanze hamwe na gahunda yo kuhira.

Ibirindiro biturika:Ibirindiro bidashobora guturika byateguwe kugirango bikubiyemo kandi bigabanye ingaruka ziterwa n’ibisasu biterwa na gaze cyangwa imyuka yaka. Zikoreshwa ahantu hashobora guteza akaga nko gutunganya peteroli, inganda z’imiti, n’ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro kugira ngo umutekano w'abakozi n'ibikoresho bigerweho.

Agasanduku gahuza:Agasanduku gahuza ni uruzitiro rwamashanyarazi rwagenewe kubamo amashanyarazi no kurinda insinga cyangwa insinga. Baraboneka mubikoresho bitandukanye, nk'icyuma cyangwa plastike, kandi bikunze gukoreshwa mubikorwa byo guturamo, ubucuruzi, n'inganda.

Ibikoresho by'ibikoresho:Izi nkike zagenewe kurinda ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byoroshye ingaruka z’ibidukikije nkumukungugu, ubushuhe, hamwe n’amashanyarazi. Bikunze gukoreshwa muri laboratoire, ibyumba byo kugenzura no gutunganya inganda.

Uruzitiro rw'urukuta:Uruzitiro rwurukuta rwashizweho kugirango rushyirwe ku rukuta cyangwa ku bundi buso. Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mububiko bwamashanyarazi, sisitemu yo kugenzura nibikoresho byurusobe mumazu no mubikorwa byinganda.

Buri bwoko bwamashanyarazi butanga ibintu bitandukanye nibyiza kandi birashobora guhindurwa kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo bya porogaramu. Guhitamo uruzitiro rwiburyo rwemeza kurinda no gukora neza ibikoresho byamashanyarazi mubidukikije bitandukanye.

Ibisabwa agasanduku k'amashanyarazi hanze ni ngombwa kugirango umutekano, umutekano, n'imikorere ya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi. Hano hari bimwe byingenzi bisabwa:

Kurinda:Intego nyamukuru yikigo cyamashanyarazi nukurinda ibice byamashanyarazi ibintu bidukikije nkumukungugu, ubushuhe, imiti, no kwangiza umubiri. Uruzitiro rugomba gutegurwa kugirango rutange uburinzi buhagije bwo kwinjiza ibintu by’amazi n’amazi.

Kuramba:Uruzitiro rugomba kuba rurerure bihagije kugirango ruhangane n'imikorere y'ibidukikije. Igomba kuba ishobora kwihanganira ruswa, ingaruka nubundi buryo bwo guhangayika.

Gucunga Ubushyuhe:Guhumeka neza no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe nibyingenzi kugirango wirinde ibice bifunze gushyuha. Uruzitiro rugomba kuba rwarateguwe kugirango umwuka uhindurwe uhagije mugihe hagumye ubushyuhe bukenewe.

Kugerwaho:Ibigize murirwo ruganda bigomba kuboneka byoroshye mugushiraho, kubungabunga no kugenzura. Uruzitiro rugomba kugira gufungura, inzugi, cyangwa panele kugirango bitangwe byoroshye mubice byimbere.

Umwanya nuyobora insinga:Hagomba kubaho umwanya uhagije murirwo rugingo rwibice byose ninsinga. Umuyoboro winjira ugomba gutegurwa kugirango wirinde insinga kandi urebe neza inzira.

Gukoresha amashanyarazi:Uruzitiro rugomba gutanga amashanyarazi kugirango birinde guhura nimpanuka nibice bizima. Ibi birashobora kugerwaho hifashishijwe igishushanyo mbonera cyibikoresho byo kubika, kubutaka hamwe nibice byimbere.

Guhuza:Uruzitiro rugomba guhuzwa nibice byamashanyarazi murirwo, harimo ubunini, imiterere, hamwe nibisabwa. Igomba kandi guhuzwa nibikorwa remezo nibikoresho.

Kubahiriza:Ibirindiro bigomba kubahiriza ibipimo ngenderwaho byinganda n’amabwiriza kugira ngo bigaragaze ko bifite umutekano kandi bikwiranye n’ibisabwa. Ibipimo rusange birimo Ishyirahamwe ry’abakora amashanyarazi mu gihugu (NEMA) hamwe n’ibipimo byo Kurinda Ingress (IP).

Umutekano:Mubisabwa bimwe, umutekano urashobora kuba impungenge, kandi uruzitiro rushobora gukenerwa kugirango hirindwe kwinjira cyangwa kubiherwa uburenganzira.
Ubwiza: Nubwo atari buri gihe ikibazo cyibanze, isura yikigo irashobora kuba ingenzi mubice bimwe na bimwe, nkubucuruzi cyangwa ibidukikije. Ibirindiro bigomba gutegurwa kugirango bigaragare neza kandi bihuze neza nibibakikije.

Mugukurikiza ibyo bisabwa, agasanduku k'amashanyarazi kitagira ikirere gatanga inzu nziza kandi yizewe

ng igisubizo kumurongo mugari wibice byamashanyarazi, byemeza ubunyangamugayo nibikorwa bya sisitemu yamashanyarazi mubikorwa bitandukanye.

Urwego rw'inganda:

Gukora:Ibimera ninganda zikoresha inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi kugirango zirinde imbaho, moteri itangira, PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers), hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye biva mukungugu, ubushuhe, no kwangiza imashini.
Amavuta na gaze:Uruganda rutunganya ibicuruzwa hamwe na sisitemu yo hanze ikoresha ibikoresho biturika kugirango ibungabunge ibikoresho byamashanyarazi ahantu hashobora guteza akaga.
Ibikorwa:Imbaraga za flora, insimburangingo, hamwe nogukwirakwiza ibikoresho bifashisha uruzitiro rwimiturire, impinduka, hamwe nibisaranganya.

Urwego rw'ubucuruzi:

Gucunga inyubako:Inyubako zo mu biro, amaduka, ibitaro, na resitora bifashisha ibibanza byo guturamo amashanyarazi, kugenzura amatara, hamwe n’ibikoresho byo kuganira.
Ibigo byamakuru:Ibirindiro bikoreshwa mukurinda igikoresho cyumuyoboro, seriveri, nibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza ingufu mubidukikije hagati.

Umurenge utuye:

Inzu y'amashanyarazi murugo:Inzu zituyemo zikoresha amashanyarazi kumashanyarazi yamenetse, agasanduku gahuza, hamwe n’abacuruzi bo hanze kugirango barinde insinga n’amashanyarazi.
Ikoranabuhanga mu rugo ryubwenge:Uruzitiro rushobora kandi kongerwamo ibyicaro byububiko bwimbere mu gihugu, kamera zo kurinda, hamwe na Wi-Fi.

Ibikorwa Remezo no gutwara abantu:

Ubwikorezi:Gariyamoshi, ibibuga byindege, nibyambu bifashisha uruzitiro rwerekana ibikoresho, gucunga ibyubatswe, no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi kuruhande rwumuhanda no muri terefone.
Ibikorwa Remezo rusange:Ibirindiro bikoreshwa mumatara yinzira acunga, abasura urubuga basinyira ibyubatswe, hamwe nogukurikirana igikoresho cyibikorwa birimo amazi n’amazi.

Ingufu zisubirwamo:

Imirasire y'izuba n'umuyaga:Ihagarike kurinda inverter, udusanduku twa kombineri, hamwe ninyongeramusaruro zitandukanye mumashanyarazi ashobora kuvugururwa.
Ububiko bwa Batiri:Ibirindiro bikoreshwa mububiko bwo kugenzura bateri hamwe nibikoresho bya garage yingufu muri gride-nini na garage yo murugo.

Porogaramu Zidasanzwe:

Igisirikare n'Indege:Ibirindiro bikoreshwa mumodoka zirwanira mu mazi, indege, hamwe n’icyogajuru kugirango birinde ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bikora ahantu habi ndetse no kwivanga kwa electronique.
Ubuvuzi:Ibitaro na laboratoire bifashisha ibigo byubumenyi, birimo ibikoresho byo gusuzuma, imiterere yerekana amashusho, hamwe nuburyo abantu bakurikirana.

Muri rusange, ibigo by'amashanyarazi birakenewe mu nganda zitandukanye no mu bikorwa, ukareba neza umutekano, kwiringirwa, no kuramba kw'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho.

Inzitiro z'amashanyarazi zigira umurimo w'ingenzi mu kumenya neza umutekano, kwiringirwa, n'ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi. Dore impamvu ari ngombwa:

Kurinda:Uruzitiro rw'amashanyarazi rurinda inyongeramusaruro z'amashanyarazi zangiza ibidukikije zirimo umukungugu, ubushuhe, imiti, n'imyanda. Byongeye kandi batanga umutekano mukwangiza umubiri, guhagarika gukoraho utabishaka hamwe nibice bigumaho no kugabanya amahirwe yo guhitanwa n amashanyarazi, umuriro, no gutsindwa kw ibikoresho.

Umutekano:Mugushyiramo inyongeramusaruro zamashanyarazi imbere yikigo gihamye, amahirwe yo guhura namashanyarazi kubakozi aragabanuka. Ibirindiro bifasha kugukiza impanuka nimpfu zatewe nimpanuka zamashanyarazi, ukareba neza ko ahantu heza hirindirwa abakozi n'abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga.

Kwizerwa:Ibirindiro bifasha kubungabunga kwizerwa no gukora muri rusange imikorere yamashanyarazi hifashishijwe uburyo bwo kongeramo ibintu birinda ibintu byo hanze byatera imikorere mibi cyangwa kunanirwa. Uku kwizerwa ningirakamaro mubipaki byingenzi birimo gutangiza ubucuruzi,itumanaho, n'ibikorwa remezo aho amasaha yo hasi ashobora kuba ahenze kandi ahungabanya.

Kubahiriza:Inzu z'amashanyarazi zagenewe kuzuza ibisabwa na politiki by’ibigo kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ko ibyubatswe bifite umutekano, gereza, kandi hubahirizwa amategeko akubiyemo ayo yashyizweho hakoreshejwe uburyo bw’amategeko agenga amashanyarazi (NEC) n’ubuyobozi bushinzwe umutekano n’ubuzima (OSHA) ). Kubahiriza ibyo bisabwa bituma wirinda ihazabu, imyenda ya gereza, hamwe nubushobozi bwangiza izina.

Kurengera ibidukikije:Hanze cyangwa ibidukikije bikaze, uruzitiro rwamashanyarazi rurinda inyongeramusaruro kurenza ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, imirasire ya UV, nibintu byangirika. Uyu mutekano wongerera igihe cyibikoresho kandi ugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga.

Umutekano:Uruzitiro rushobora gutanga icyiciro cyo kurinda hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhagarika uruhushya rutabiherewe uburenganzira bwo kwinjira mubyongeweho amashanyarazi, cyane cyane mukarere gakoraho cyangwa ibikorwa remezo byingenzi. Inzugi zifunze hamwe nubushobozi bwo kwihanganira tamper birashobora gukumira kwangiza, ubujura, cyangwa gusenya.

Imitunganyirize no kugerwaho:Uruzitiro rutanga akarere kegeranye kongeramo amashanyarazi, bigatuma bitagorana cyane gutunganya no gukoresha insinga, itumanaho, nibikoresho bitandukanye. Ibikoresho byateguwe neza byongeweho uruhushya rwo kubona neza kugirango winjire mubyongeweho byo gushiraho, kubungabunga, no gukemura ibibazo.

Guhinduka no guhuza n'imiterere:Ibirindiro birahari ingano nini, ibikoresho, hamwe nibishusho kugirango uhuze kimwe-cy-ubwoko bwamapaki nibidukikije. Bashobora kuba barateguwe hamwe na on-ons irimo gushyiramo imirongo, glande ya kabili, hamwe nuburyo bwo guhumeka ikirere kugirango byuzuze ibisabwa neza.

Muri make,hanze y'amashanyarazini inyongera zingirakamaro mubikorwa byamashanyarazi, kwerekana umutekano wingenzi, umutekano, no kwizerwa kubintu byinshi bitandukanye. Akamaro kabo ntigashobora kuvugwa, kuko bagufasha kugukiza impanuka, kubahiriza bimwe na bimwe bya politiki, no gukomeza ubusugire bwamashanyarazi.